# Global Ping & RTT Latency Matrix | AS203314

> **Published round**
>
> Snapshot: **August 16, 2026**. The pipeline runs daily, but this page reflects the published round
> below. See [measurement limits](#methodology--data-sources) before using the results.

Measurement round: `2026-08-16T04:07:28Z`.

## Overview

The matrix records **round-trip time (RTT)** between Hats Network PoPs, in milliseconds. Each row is a measurement origin. The reverse direction may produce a different result.

### Dataset Coverage

* **Nodes:** 20
* **Directed routes:** 380 / 380 (100.0% coverage)

> **Important:** RTT is *not* one-way latency. Values represent backbone PoP-to-PoP paths, not last-mile end-user performance.

## Methodology & Data Sources

### Data sources

The publishing pipeline combines the available backbone measurements into one dated snapshot.

Physical references use WGS-84 city-centre distances and optical propagation assumptions. They do not identify the actual cable path. Review the [coordinate and model inputs](/docs/network/latency/theoretical-fiber-latency), then reproduce the calculation on the [formula verification page](/docs/network/latency/theoretical-latency-verification).

### Limitations

* This dataset is **not an SLA** and should be treated as *indicative best-case backbone RTT*.
* End-user latency depends on local access networks, congestion, routing policy, and traffic engineering.

> Interactive content is available on the canonical HTML page.

## Full RTT Matrix

Rows are origins; columns are destinations. Values are RTT in milliseconds. Bold entries mark the lowest value in each destination column. The static table below contains the same measurements.

> Interactive content is available on the canonical HTML page.

View raw RTT table (accessible / printable)

| Source  | AMS     | BER     | FRA     | LON     | MRS     | MOW      | PAR     | IAD   | LAX      | MIA      | NYC   | SEA      | GRU       | HKG      | MEL     | SIN      | SYD     | TPE      | TYO      | JNB       |
| ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | -------- | ------- | ----- | -------- | -------- | ----- | -------- | --------- | -------- | ------- | -------- | ------- | -------- | -------- | --------- |
| **AMS** | N/A     | 7.2     | **5.9** | **5.2** | 19.6    | 38.1     | 7       | 75.7  | 133.7    | 106      | 68.6  | 130.2    | 175.5     | 155.9    | 252.5   | 157.6    | 258     | 168.7    | 198.2    | **171.9** |
| **BER** | 7.2     | N/A     | 6.1     | 15.2    | 20.2    | **28.6** | 15.6    | 85.7  | 140.9    | 118.3    | 79.6  | 139.7    | 186.5     | 144.9    | 256.2   | 158.3    | 262.1   | 156.8    | 187.5    | 172.1     |
| **FRA** | 5.9     | **6.1** | N/A     | 12.9    | 16.4    | 34.7     | 7.6     | 80.7  | 141.8    | 112      | 74.4  | 135.2    | 181.3     | 152      | 250.1   | 151.4    | 256     | 163.8    | 194.5    | 188.4     |
| **LON** | **5.2** | 16.2    | 13.6    | N/A     | 17.9    | 43.5     | **6.4** | 71    | 127.5    | 101.9    | 63.8  | 123.2    | 170.7     | 160.6    | 249.6   | 156.5    | 258.1   | 173.8    | 202.9    | 179.6     |
| **MRS** | 20.3    | 20.6    | 16      | 18.9    | N/A     | 49.6     | 8.9     | 85.7  | 144.5    | 112.4    | 79.8  | 141.7    | 186.7     | 166.4    | 234.2   | 139.6    | 240.6   | 180.9    | 203.8    | 198.5     |
| **MOW** | 37.6    | 27.5    | 35.9    | 42.4    | 49.9    | N/A      | 44      | 113.9 | 177.7    | 144.5    | 107.5 | 164.8    | 214.4     | 118.6    | 235.9   | 147.3    | 241.8   | 132.1    | 162.2    | 201.9     |
| **PAR** | 7       | 15.5    | 7.6     | 6.4     | **8.9** | 44.7     | N/A     | 75.5  | 136.5    | 106.8    | 68.9  | 128      | 175.8     | 160.1    | 246.4   | 150.3    | 249.7   | 171.9    | 204.7    | 180.9     |
| **IAD** | 75.2    | 86.1    | 81.2    | 70.3    | 86.5    | 112.8    | 76.1    | N/A   | 60.7     | **27.4** | **6** | 62.3     | **101.4** | 187.2    | 203.9   | 211.5    | 193.6   | 172.3    | 141.9    | 228.3     |
| **LAX** | 132.1   | 139.3   | 142.3   | 129.2   | 143.9   | 177      | 135.9   | 60.4  | N/A      | 57.3     | 57.9  | **26.9** | 131.3     | 146.5    | 148.2   | 167.7    | 137.6   | 132.9    | 101.2    | 287.2     |
| **MIA** | 106     | 117.3   | 112.2   | 101.8   | 113.7   | 145.5    | 106.2   | 27.3  | 56.8     | N/A      | 33.3  | 81.9     | 128.7     | 199.5    | 200.7   | 223.1    | 191.5   | 185.1    | 156.3    | 259.8     |
| **NYC** | 68.7    | 78.8    | 73.9    | 63.5    | 80.2    | 107      | 68.9    | **6** | 58.9     | 32.9     | N/A   | 58.7     | 106.9     | 187.1    | 205.1   | 208.7    | 192.6   | 173.4    | 143.1    | 221.5     |
| **SEA** | 128.6   | 140.9   | 133.2   | 124.1   | 141.2   | 164.6    | 129.2   | 61.5  | **25.9** | 81.7     | 59.5  | N/A      | 155.7     | 130.4    | 170.1   | 151.1    | 161.3   | 114.7    | 85       | 282.1     |
| **GRU** | 180     | 191.3   | 186.2   | 175.8   | 187.7   | 219.5    | 180.2   | 128   | 130.8    | 74       | 122   | 155.9    | N/A       | 273.5    | 274.7   | 297.1    | 265.5   | 259.1    | 230.3    | 333.8     |
| **HKG** | 154.4   | 145.1   | 150.7   | 158.7   | 165.4   | 118.2    | 159.4   | 186.2 | 145      | 201.1    | 184.7 | 131.6    | 287.6     | N/A      | 138.4   | **31.5** | 137.2   | **14.7** | 44.9     | 316.7     |
| **MEL** | 252.8   | 254.7   | 248.6   | 252     | 233.5   | 236.1    | 246.5   | 203.9 | 148.4    | 201      | 204.2 | 172.1    | 305.3     | 138.5    | N/A     | 88.4     | **9.8** | 143.2    | 112      | 405.5     |
| **SIN** | 155.8   | 160.3   | 151.6   | 155.4   | 140.6   | 147.7    | 151.4   | 210   | 168.2    | 221.7    | 209.3 | 151.5    | 311.4     | 30.8     | 88.6    | N/A      | 94.5    | 45.8     | 68.9     | 312.6     |
| **SYD** | 258.9   | 260.5   | 254.4   | 256.5   | 240.5   | 242.2    | 250.3   | 195.3 | 136.5    | 191.5    | 191.9 | 161.9    | 296.7     | 135.7    | **9.8** | 94.5     | N/A     | 131.7    | 101.3    | 412.5     |
| **TPE** | 166.5   | 158.6   | 166     | 173     | 179.5   | 132.7    | 173.8   | 171.6 | 132      | 185.7    | 174.2 | 115.8    | 273       | **15.5** | 142     | 44.3     | 133.2   | N/A      | **31.9** | 331       |
| **TYO** | 197.4   | 186.1   | 193.2   | 202.7   | 205.6   | 161.7    | 204.8   | 142.9 | 101.2    | 156.5    | 144.6 | 84.8     | 230.5     | 44.8     | 113.9   | 69.4     | 101.9   | 32.3     | N/A      | 359.2     |
| **JNB** | 163.2   | 172.1   | 166     | 158     | 172     | 200.7    | 164.4   | 229   | 285.5    | 259.9    | 221.8 | 281.2    | 328.7     | 318      | 406.2   | 311.6    | 412.6   | 329.8    | 360.5    | N/A       |

## Regional Breakdown

### Europe

#### Intra-Region Routes

| Route                             | RTT (ms) |
| --------------------------------- | -------- |
| Amsterdam (AMS) → London (LON)    | 5.2      |
| Amsterdam (AMS) → Frankfurt (FRA) | 5.9      |
| Berlin (BER) → Frankfurt (FRA)    | 6.1      |
| London (LON) → Paris (PAR)        | 6.4      |
| Amsterdam (AMS) → Paris (PAR)     | 7        |
| Amsterdam (AMS) → Berlin (BER)    | 7.2      |
| Frankfurt (FRA) → Paris (PAR)     | 7.6      |
| Marseille (MRS) → Paris (PAR)     | 8.9      |
| Frankfurt (FRA) → London (LON)    | 12.9     |
| Berlin (BER) → London (LON)       | 15.2     |
| Berlin (BER) → Paris (PAR)        | 15.6     |
| Frankfurt (FRA) → Marseille (MRS) | 16.4     |
| London (LON) → Marseille (MRS)    | 17.9     |
| Amsterdam (AMS) → Marseille (MRS) | 19.6     |
| Berlin (BER) → Marseille (MRS)    | 20.2     |
| Berlin (BER) → Moscow (MOW)       | 28.6     |
| Frankfurt (FRA) → Moscow (MOW)    | 34.7     |
| Amsterdam (AMS) → Moscow (MOW)    | 38.1     |
| London (LON) → Moscow (MOW)       | 43.5     |
| Moscow (MOW) → Paris (PAR)        | 44       |
| Marseille (MRS) → Moscow (MOW)    | 49.6     |

#### Key Cross-Region Routes

| Route                            | RTT (ms) | Far Region    |
| -------------------------------- | -------- | ------------- |
| London (LON) → New York (NYC)    | 63.8     | North America |
| Amsterdam (AMS) → New York (NYC) | 68.6     | North America |
| Paris (PAR) → New York (NYC)     | 68.9     | North America |
| London (LON) → Ashburn (IAD)     | 71       | North America |
| Frankfurt (FRA) → New York (NYC) | 74.4     | North America |
| Paris (PAR) → Ashburn (IAD)      | 75.5     | North America |
| Amsterdam (AMS) → Ashburn (IAD)  | 75.7     | North America |
| Berlin (BER) → New York (NYC)    | 79.6     | North America |

### North America

#### Intra-Region Routes

| Route                              | RTT (ms) |
| ---------------------------------- | -------- |
| Ashburn (IAD) → New York (NYC)     | 6        |
| Los Angeles (LAX) → Seattle (SEA)  | 26.9     |
| Ashburn (IAD) → Miami (MIA)        | 27.4     |
| Miami (MIA) → New York (NYC)       | 33.3     |
| Los Angeles (LAX) → Miami (MIA)    | 57.3     |
| Los Angeles (LAX) → New York (NYC) | 57.9     |
| New York (NYC) → Seattle (SEA)     | 58.7     |
| Ashburn (IAD) → Los Angeles (LAX)  | 60.7     |
| Ashburn (IAD) → Seattle (SEA)      | 62.3     |
| Miami (MIA) → Seattle (SEA)        | 81.9     |

#### Key Cross-Region Routes

| Route                            | RTT (ms) | Far Region |
| -------------------------------- | -------- | ---------- |
| New York (NYC) → London (LON)    | 63.5     | Europe     |
| New York (NYC) → Amsterdam (AMS) | 68.7     | Europe     |
| New York (NYC) → Paris (PAR)     | 68.9     | Europe     |
| Ashburn (IAD) → London (LON)     | 70.3     | Europe     |
| New York (NYC) → Frankfurt (FRA) | 73.9     | Europe     |
| Ashburn (IAD) → Amsterdam (AMS)  | 75.2     | Europe     |
| Ashburn (IAD) → Paris (PAR)      | 76.1     | Europe     |
| New York (NYC) → Berlin (BER)    | 78.8     | Europe     |

### South America

#### Key Cross-Region Routes

| Route                               | RTT (ms) | Far Region    |
| ----------------------------------- | -------- | ------------- |
| São Paulo (GRU) → Miami (MIA)       | 74       | North America |
| São Paulo (GRU) → New York (NYC)    | 122      | North America |
| São Paulo (GRU) → Ashburn (IAD)     | 128      | North America |
| São Paulo (GRU) → Los Angeles (LAX) | 130.8    | North America |
| São Paulo (GRU) → Seattle (SEA)     | 155.9    | North America |
| São Paulo (GRU) → London (LON)      | 175.8    | Europe        |
| São Paulo (GRU) → Amsterdam (AMS)   | 180      | Europe        |
| São Paulo (GRU) → Paris (PAR)       | 180.2    | Europe        |

### Asia Pacific

#### Intra-Region Routes

| Route                             | RTT (ms) |
| --------------------------------- | -------- |
| Melbourne (MEL) → Sydney (SYD)    | 9.8      |
| Hong Kong (HKG) → Taipei (TPE)    | 14.7     |
| Hong Kong (HKG) → Singapore (SIN) | 31.5     |
| Taipei (TPE) → Tokyo (TYO)        | 31.9     |
| Hong Kong (HKG) → Tokyo (TYO)     | 44.9     |
| Singapore (SIN) → Taipei (TPE)    | 45.8     |
| Singapore (SIN) → Tokyo (TYO)     | 68.9     |
| Melbourne (MEL) → Singapore (SIN) | 88.4     |
| Singapore (SIN) → Sydney (SYD)    | 94.5     |
| Sydney (SYD) → Tokyo (TYO)        | 101.3    |
| Melbourne (MEL) → Tokyo (TYO)     | 112      |
| Sydney (SYD) → Taipei (TPE)       | 131.7    |
| Hong Kong (HKG) → Sydney (SYD)    | 137.2    |
| Hong Kong (HKG) → Melbourne (MEL) | 138.4    |
| Melbourne (MEL) → Taipei (TPE)    | 143.2    |

#### Key Cross-Region Routes

| Route                            | RTT (ms) | Far Region    |
| -------------------------------- | -------- | ------------- |
| Tokyo (TYO) → Seattle (SEA)      | 84.8     | North America |
| Tokyo (TYO) → Los Angeles (LAX)  | 101.2    | North America |
| Taipei (TPE) → Seattle (SEA)     | 115.8    | North America |
| Hong Kong (HKG) → Moscow (MOW)   | 118.2    | Europe        |
| Hong Kong (HKG) → Seattle (SEA)  | 131.6    | North America |
| Taipei (TPE) → Los Angeles (LAX) | 132      | North America |
| Taipei (TPE) → Moscow (MOW)      | 132.7    | Europe        |
| Sydney (SYD) → Los Angeles (LAX) | 136.5    | North America |

### Africa

#### Key Cross-Region Routes

| Route                                | RTT (ms) | Far Region    |
| ------------------------------------ | -------- | ------------- |
| Johannesburg (JNB) → London (LON)    | 158      | Europe        |
| Johannesburg (JNB) → Amsterdam (AMS) | 163.2    | Europe        |
| Johannesburg (JNB) → Paris (PAR)     | 164.4    | Europe        |
| Johannesburg (JNB) → Frankfurt (FRA) | 166      | Europe        |
| Johannesburg (JNB) → Marseille (MRS) | 172      | Europe        |
| Johannesburg (JNB) → Berlin (BER)    | 172.1    | Europe        |
| Johannesburg (JNB) → Moscow (MOW)    | 200.7    | Europe        |
| Johannesburg (JNB) → New York (NYC)  | 221.8    | North America |

## Node Reference

| Code    | City                               | Country/Region | Continent     |
| ------- | ---------------------------------- | -------------- | ------------- |
| **AMS** | [Amsterdam](./ams-amsterdam)       | Netherlands    | Europe        |
| **BER** | [Berlin](./ber-berlin)             | Germany        | Europe        |
| **FRA** | [Frankfurt](./fra-frankfurt)       | Germany        | Europe        |
| **LON** | [London](./lon-london)             | UK             | Europe        |
| **MRS** | [Marseille](./mrs-marseille)       | France         | Europe        |
| **MOW** | [Moscow](./mow-moscow)             | Russia         | Europe        |
| **PAR** | [Paris](./par-paris)               | France         | Europe        |
| **IAD** | [Ashburn](./iad-ashburn)           | USA            | North America |
| **LAX** | [Los Angeles](./lax-los-angeles)   | USA            | North America |
| **MIA** | [Miami](./mia-miami)               | USA            | North America |
| **NYC** | [New York](./nyc-new-york)         | USA            | North America |
| **SEA** | [Seattle](./sea-seattle)           | USA            | North America |
| **GRU** | [São Paulo](./gru-sao-paulo)       | Brazil         | South America |
| **HKG** | [Hong Kong](./hkg-hong-kong)       | Hong Kong      | Asia Pacific  |
| **MEL** | [Melbourne](./mel-melbourne)       | Australia      | Asia Pacific  |
| **SIN** | [Singapore](./sin-singapore)       | Singapore      | Asia Pacific  |
| **SYD** | [Sydney](./syd-sydney)             | Australia      | Asia Pacific  |
| **TPE** | [Taipei](./tpe-taipei)             | Taiwan         | Asia Pacific  |
| **TYO** | [Tokyo](./tyo-tokyo)               | Japan          | Asia Pacific  |
| **JNB** | [Johannesburg](./jnb-johannesburg) | South Africa   | Africa        |

## Browse Latency Data

* [Latency Coordinates & Fiber Model Inputs](./theoretical-fiber-latency): GeoNames resolution, physical constants, engineering assumptions, and source boundaries
* [Theoretical Latency Formula Verification](./theoretical-latency-verification): rendered equations, unit checks, boundary conditions, and a complete Tokyo-to-Sydney reconciliation
* [By PoP](#node-reference): per-node outbound/inbound RTT summaries
* [By City Pair](./pairs): individual source-to-destination RTT pages
* [By Region & Corridor](./regions): regional and inter-regional overviews

***

*Published snapshot: August 16, 2026. [Download the dataset](/opendata/latency/).*

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## License and attribution

- **Canonical source:** [View the human-readable HTML page](https://hatsnet.io/docs/network/latency).
- **Original documentation:** © Hats Network Inc., licensed under [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
- **Public latency data:** © Hats Network Inc., licensed under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- **Full terms:** [Content and Data License](https://hatsnet.io/docs/legal/content-and-data-license) — includes attribution requirements, third-party material, trademarks, source code and other exclusions.